1.

Imagism

1.1.	Walace Stevens

1.2.	Amy Lowell

1.3.	Robert Penn Warren

2.	Confessional poetry (1950 – 1980)

2.1.	Robert Lowell

2.2.	Anne Sexton

2.3.	Sylvia Plath

2.4.	John Bergman

2.5.	Eugene O´Neill (1888 – 1953)

2.6.	Tennessee Williams (1911 – 1983)

2.7.	Arthur Miller (1915 – 2005)

3.	Southern writers

3.1.	Plantation literature

3.1.1.

The Birth of the Nation (1915)

3.2.	R.P. Warren

3.3.	William Faulkner (1817 – 1962)

3.4.	Flannery O´Connor (1925 – 1964)

4.	Lost generation and jazz age

4.1.	Ernest Hemingway (1898 – 1962)

4.2.	F.S. Fitzgerald (1897 – 1940)

4.3.	John Dos Passos (1896 – 1970)

5.	Harlem renaissance (1920´S – 1930´s)

5.1.	James Weldom Johnson

5.2.	Jean Toomer

5.3.	Claude McKay

5.4.	Langston Hughes

5.5.	George Schuyler

5.6.	Zora Neale Hurston (1891 – 1960)

6.	Naturalism mid-century

6.1.	Richard Wright (1908 – 1960)

6.2.	Chester Himes (1909 - 1984)

6.3.	R. Ellison (1913 – 1994)

7.	Post WWWII. Writers

7.1.	James Baldwin (1924 NY – 1987 France)

7.1.1.

GoTell It On The Mountain ( 1953)

7.2.	Alece Walker (1944 -)

7.2.1.

Meridian ( 1974)

7.2.2.

The Color Purple ( 1982)

7.3.	Toni Morrison (1931 -)

7.3.1.

The Bluest Eye

7.3.2.

Beloved ( 1987)

8.	The Beat Generation (1950´s – 1970´s )

8.1.	Allen Ginsberg (1926 – 1997)

8.2.	Jack Keruack (1922 – 1969)

8.3.	William S. Burroughs (1914 – 1997)

8.4.	Gregory Corso (1930 – 2001)

9.	Jewish american literature

9.1.	Issac Basveris Singer (Poland – USA)

9.2.	Saul Bellow

9.3.	Bernard Malamud

9.4.	Philip Roth

10.

Imagism

10.1.

Wallace Stevens

10.2.

Amy Lowell

10.3.

Robert Penn Warner

11.	Naturalism in 20th century

11.1.

Charles Darwin

11.2.

Friedrich Nietsche

11.3.

Sigmund Freud

11.4.

Karl Marx

11.5.

American writers

11.5.1.

Stephen Crane (1870 – 1925)

11.5.2.

Jack London

11.5.3.

Frank Norris

11.5.4.

Theodor Dreiser

12.	Lost generation (1920’s)

12.1.

Hemingway’s novel – The Sun also Rises

12.2.

F.S. Fitzgerald (1896 – 1940)

12.2.1.

Great Gatsby (1925)

12.2.2.

Tender is the Night

12.3.

Ernest Hemingway (1898 – 1961)

12.4.

John Dos Passos ( 1896 – 1970)

13.	Southern writers

13.1.

William Faulkner (1897 – 1962)

13.1.1.

The Sound and the furry

13.1.2.

Light in August (1932)

13.2.

Flannery O´Connor (1925 – 1964)

13.3.

Carson McCullers (1917 – 1967)

13.3.1.

Ballad of Sad Café (1951)

14.	Drama of 20th century

14.1.

Eugene O’Neill (1888 – 1953)

14.2.

Arthur Miller (1915 – 2005)

14.2.1.

The Death of the Salesman (1945)

14.2.2.

The Cruciable

14.3.

Tennessee Williams (1911 – 1983)

14.3.1.

A Streetcar named Desire (1948)

15.	Harlem-Rennessaince (1920’s – 1930’s)

15.1.

James Weldon Johnson

15.1.1.

The Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man (1912)

15.2.

Jean Toomer

15.2.1.

Cane (1922)

15.3.

Claude McKay

15.3.1.

Home to Harlem (1928)

15.4.

Nella Larson

15.5.

Wallace Thurman

15.6.

Langston Hughes

15.7.

George Schuyler

15.8.

Zora Neal Hurston (1891 – 1960)

15.8.1.

Their Eyes Were Watching God

16.	Confessional Poetry (1950 – 1980)

16.1.

John Bergman (1913 – 1972)

16.2.

Robert Lowell (1917 – 1977)

16.3.

Sylvia Plath (1932 – 1963)

16.4.

Ann Sexton (1928 – 1974)

17.	Jewish American Writers

17.1.

Abraham Cahan

17.2.

Anzio Yezierska (1885 – 1970)

17.3.

Saulo Bellow (1915 – 2005)

17.3.1.

Dangling Man (1944)

17.3.2.

Henderson the Rain King (1959)

17.3.3.

The Dean’s December (1982)

17.4.

Isaac Bashenis Singer (1905 – 1991)

17.4.1.

Enemies, A Love Story (1970)

17.5.

Philie Roth (1933 - )

17.5.1.

The Ghost Writer

17.5.2.

Operation Shylock

18.	Modernist and post-modernist writers

18.1.

Ralph Ellison (1914 – 1994)

18.1.1.

Invisible man (1953)

18.2.

Don De Lio (1936 - )

18.2.1.

White Noise (1985)

18.3.

Robert Cooper (1932 - )

18.3.1.

The Public Burning

"Imagism
- movement in poetry, international in USA, England and France
- against romanticism, no emotions, no glorification
- clear language, not ambigouns
- philosophy against love

- authors didn’t like to be sentimental, elaborate
- they were interested in concrete image
- they hated abstraction, sentiment
→ rational poetry, concretely named images of objects
Wallace Stevens
- he brings all the rules, he was a lawyer, worked in insurance company
- he belived in God – Roman Catholic
The collective poems of Wallace Stevens (1955)

Amy Lowell
- very famous American poet
- open feminist lesbian – she put a lesbian theme into her poetry
Pattern – poem, she describes walking around in the garden (flowers), (garden = sth. human)

Robert Penn Warner
- a professor at university
- he was rom the South and wrote about slaves, conflicts of being a looser

Ezra Pound
- he went to England, he spent some time in France and Italy
Cantos – Latin, Greek and Chinese influence, very difficult to understand

Naturalism in 20th century
- it comes from French literature Emile Zola (over 40 novel) – writer and theorist of naturalism
- Frank Norris – brought naturalism to America
philosophy → they make the claim that that they write a literature like a scientist
- naturalism have a kind of natural development – there is a philosophy behind
- reaction to the realism, it comes out from realism
- it’s about people who are interested in science (realism – people who live common life

Charles Darwin – naturalist took his philosophy, the once adapt their environment, Survival of the fittest – adopt an ability in harsh environment
Friedrich Nietsche – he said that God is dead (a kind of metaphor), the God is no longer believable because of science, if you don’t believe in God, can you believe in morality? The genealogy of morals
- God an idea of good and evil, good = noble (noble act), nobility, wealth → that’s terrible
(working class in not good for him)
Sigmund Freud – we are not free to think how we’d wish
- id (es) (sex, dugs, pleasure, everythin you want) ego (ich) (conscious thinking person)
superego (uberich) (don’t do it, you are bad) – it makes you feel bad and guilty, it is connected with religion and society – don’t have sex until you are married

Karl Marx – very big influence, history as a process
→ we are not free → the main thought of naturalism
(if you born poor – you will be poor for your whole life, if you born rich, you will be always rich, even though you will be an idiot. :-) )"