1.	Historical Background

1.1	First Muslim Traces in Britain

1.1.1

8th – 15th Century

1.1.2

16th – 17th Century

1.2	Waves of Immigration

1.2.1

19th Century

1.2.2

After the World War II

1.2.3

60s – 70s of 20th Century

1.3	Numbers of Muslims

2.	Culture of Muslims

2.1	Five Pillars of Islam

2.1.1

The Testimony of Faith (Called Shahadah in Arabic)

2.1.2

Ritual Prayer (Salat)

2.1.3

Obligatory Religious Almsgiving (Zakat)

2.1.4

Fasting (Sawm)

2.1.5

Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

2.2	Islamic Calendar

3.2.1

Festivals and Holy Days

2.2.2

Islamic Calendar for the Year 2007

2.3

Hijab

2.4	Alimentation

3.	The Institution of Mosque

3.1	Functions of Mosque

3.1.1

Prayers

3.1.2

Events During Ramadan

3.1.3

Social Functions

3.1.3.1

Mosque at the Centre of Muslim Community

3.1.3.2

Education

3.1.3.3

Charity

3.1.3.4

Other Activities

3.1.4

Political Functions

3.2	First Mosques in the United Kingdom

3.3	Establishment of Central London Mosque

3.4	Number of Mosques in Britain

4.	British Muslims in Politics

4.1	The Muslim Institutions within the UK

4.2	Muslims in the British Parliament

5.	Struggles of British Muslims

5.1	Rushdie Affair

5.2	The Veil Issue

5.3	The Holy War - Jihad

5.4	Position of British Muslims in the War on Terrorism

5.4.1

Qur’an on Terrorism

5.4.2

London Marches 2001 - 2003

5.4.3

London Attacks 7th July 2005

6.	Muslims and the British Society

Conclusion
Shrnutí
Annotation
Anotace
Works Cited

"2.1.3 Obligatory Religious Almsgiving (Zakat)
The third of the five pillars of Islam is the obligatory charity of a Muslim, so called Zakat (almsgiving). Muslims, who not very poor, pay it. From the Qur’an: “And establish regular Prayer and give regular Charity; and loan to Allah a Beautiful Loan. And whatever good ye send forth for your souls ye shall find it in Allah's Presence, -- yea, better and greater, in Reward and seek ye the Grace of Allah: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (Qur’an 73:20)”
The verse quoted above, and other verses in the Qur’an, order Muslims to pay Zakat out of their wealth. Zakat is a process of wealth relocation and enables the possessions to circulate in the community. The Qur'an stresses, that individuals should take material responsibility for poverty and distress in the Muslim society. Therefore the Qur’an requires each person to give up a certain amount of material possessions to sponsor the sick, poor, indigent, and the suffering. In general, there are two types of charity in Islam: obligatory and voluntary. Zakat is an obligatory charity, a Muslim is obliged to give up a given percentage of his possessions every year. Voluntary charity called Sadaqa is any other money that a Muslim spends on behalf of Allah. All Muslims, wealthy or poor disburse charity proportionally.
Muslims should obtain their possessions with the purpose of spending it on their own needs, and the needs of others. “Verily my Lord enlarges and restricts the Sustenance to such of his servants as He pleases: and nothing do ye spend in the least (in His cause) but He replaces it: for He is the Best of those who grant Sustenance. (Qur’an 34:39)”
The Muslim, who provides Zakat, confirms that the love of Allah is dearer to him than all the things in life and that he is entirely prepared to give up all for the sake of Allah. No weight of commitment is placed on those who receive Zakat. However, there must be a sense of thankfulness on the side of the contributor, as he has been allowed by the receiver to discharge his commitment that he owes to society and Allah. Charity cleans the human character by removing egoism, voracity and materialism. It develops care, compassion, kindness and love among Muslims, which makes an individual to be more grateful to Allah. Zakat helps the poor and provides money for community projects and other good matters. Zakat is given for the sake of Allah in order to achieve purity of mind and to receive the blessings of Allah. There are two meanings of the word Zakat in Arabic: ‘growth’ and ‘purity’. “Of their goods, take alms, that so thou mightest purify and sanctify them; and pray on their behalf. (Qur’an 9:103)”
Other Qur’anic verse reads: “That which ye lay out for increase through the property of (other) people, will have no increase with Allah. But that which ye lay out for charity, seeking the Countenance of Allah, (will increase): it is these who will get a recompense multiplied. (30:39)”
Muslims are ordered to give out Zakat without ostentation. “We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: no reward do we desire from you, nor thanks. (Qur’an 76:9)” "

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