"The Prague bishopric was founded in 973.

At the end of the 10th century, the Přemyslids attacked the family of Slavník in Libec nad Cidlinou and massacred its citizens. This act strenghtened the position of Přemyslids and united Czech tribes under their rule.

The Czech lands had a high economic, cultural, and political status during the Přemyslid rule, which was further strengthened by Vratislav II who was granted the royal crown and became the first Czech king in 1085. This royal title was only for him and he remained subordinate to the Holy Roman Empire and the German king.

During this period which covered 3 centuries, there were more than 20 princes at reign.


Bohemian Kingdom ( since 1198 – 1306 )

During the reign of Premysl Ottokar I., Bohemia became Bohemian Kingdom.
In 1212, Premysl Otakar I received a Golden Bull of Sicily - a formal edict from the Holy Roman Emperor confirming the royal title for Ottokar and his descendants (children).

Přemysl Ottokar II ( grandson of Premysl Otakar I) was called the "Iron and Gold King" ruled in mid-13th century.The Czech kingdom briefly expanded all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. He died in the Battle of Marchfeld (Moravia Field) which is located in Austria.

In the meantime, Prague was growing rapidly thanks to its position at the crossroads of several trade routes. The first stone bridge over the Vltava, Judith Bridge, was built in 1172. The Old Town (Staré město) and the Lesser Town (Malá Strana) were founded in the 13th century.

The Přemyslid dynasty ended with the death of its last member, Wenceslas III, who was assassinated in Olomouc in 1306.



LUXEMBURG DYNASTY 1310 – 1437

John of Luxembourg ( 1310 – 1346 )
Charles IV ( 1346 – 1378 )
Wenceslas IV
Sigismund

In 1310, the Czech throne was taken by John of Luxemburg from the House of Luxemburg who married Elizabeth of Bohemia ( sister of Wenceslas III assassinated in Olomouc 1306) and became the king of Bohemia and also one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire.

During his reign, from 1310 to 1346, the territory of the Czech lands expanded and Prague continued to grow. The Prague Castle Area (Hradčany) was founded around 1320, followed by the Old Town Hall in 1338. Nevertheless, he spent most of his time abroad.

He was killed fighting (though he was blind!) alongside the French against the English at the Battle of Crecy, and was succeeded as king of Bohemia by his eldest son Charles (later Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor)."

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PRÁCE BYLA UVOLNĚNA BEZ NÁROKU NA HONORÁŘ