1.	British and American inventors

1.1.	Isaac Newton

1.2.	Michael Faraday

1.3.	James Watt

1.4.	Alexander Graham Bell

1.5.	Sir Alexander Fleming

2.	Thomas Alva Edison

3.	The Nobel prizes

4.	Modern technologies

4.1.

Computers

4.2.

Internet

4.3.	Other modern

5.	New technologies to protect our environment

6.	Vocabulary

"In the history of mankind there have been many famous scientists and inventors. Important discoveries have been made in geography, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, astronomy and so on. There are many technical inventions which make our lives easier and which are necessary for modern life. For example electricity, engines, telephone, computers, Internet - we can't imagine our lives without these things. And yet, several hundred years ago people didn't know them. So we should mention some important inventions and discoveries made by British and American inventors.
Isaac Newton (1641-1727) was a mathematician, physicist and an astronomer. He is known for his laws of motion, the idea of gravity and for his experiments with light. It is said that he saw a falling apple and then the idea of gravity came to his mind.
Michael Faraday is called "the father of modern electricity". He discovered electromagnetic rotation (it is the basis of every generator used today) and the first dynamo - it is a generator that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.
James Watt was a Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and the gramophone.
Sir Alexander Fleming is known as "the father of antibiotics" because he discovered penicilin. The production of penicilin started during World War II.
Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors in American history. He patented 1,300 inventions, for example the electric light bulb.
The greatest inventors are awarded the Nobel prizes. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist who invented the dynamite and some other explosives. There was a fund established under his will. The distribution of prizes began in 1901 to those who brought greatest benefits to mankind in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. Winners receive their awards on December 10, which is the anniversary of Nobel's death. Also two Czechs got this prize - Jaroslav Heyrovský for his work in chemistry and Jaroslav Seifert for his beautiful poetry.
When we speak about modern technologies and inventions, we should mention the use of computers. Computers are used for many things. We use them in the office, because we don't need too many papers and the work is more effective. Computers are good for entertainment too - we can watch films, play computer games, listen to music, surf the Internet or send e-mails to our friends. The army uses computers for simulations of the war operations , for controlling the rockets and many other things. Computers are good in industry, for example for operating machines or for designing new products."

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