"Geography
area: 244,872 sq kilometres
lies between 50° and 60° North latitude, prime meridian of 0° passes through the observatory of Greenwich
consists of England (capital London), Wales (Cardiff), Scotland (Edinburgh) and Northern Ireland (Belfast)
two larges islands: Great Britain and Ireland
otrher islands: Isle of Whight, Isles of Scilly, Anglesey, Isle of Man, The Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetlands, Channel Islands
mountains: Cornish Heights (south-wet England), the Cambrians (Wales), the Cumbrian Mountains (Lake District), the Pennienes (backbone of England), The Cheviot Hills, The Highlands of Scottland (Ben Nevis - 1342)
rivers: Severn (354 km), Thames (336 km), Clyde, Humber
lakes: Loch Ness, Loch Lomonds, Lough Neagh
Britain has a temperate and equable climate determined by Gulf stream
population: 57,576,000, density: 243
cities: London, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Bradford, Manchester, Edinburgh, Bristol

History
the Celts arrived 2500 to 3000 ago; their language survives in Welsh and Gaelic enclaves
43 A. D. - Britaind was added to the Roman Empire; the Romans built camps, fotrs, roads, Hardian's wall (against Celtic tribes)
after the withdrawal of Roman legions in 410 the waves of Jutes, the Angles and Saxons arrived from German lands; they drove Celtic people into the mountains of Wales and Scotland; they fought with Danes
1066 - the battle of Hastings - king Harold was defeated by William the Conqueror, who established a strong central government and appointed Norman noblemen to high positions
1215 - Magna Carta Libertatum - king John I., Lackland - guarantee of rights and the rule of law, an impuls for development of British parliamentary system
English dynastic claims to large parts of France led to the Hundred Years' War (1338 - 1453) and the defeat of England; after it civil war, The War of Roses, between the House of Lancaster (white) and the House of York (red) lasted 1455 - 1485, ended with establishment of the House of Tudor
1543 - establishment of the Church of England by Henry VIII.
Queen Elizabeth I. (1558 - 1603) - Britain became the major sea power; founding colonies; Drake, Raleigh; 1588 - defeating the Spanish Armada
1603 - England and Scotland under reign of one monarch (James I.); The Act of Union on 1707 united England and Scotland formally
Civil War (1642 - 1649), king Charles beheaded, lord protector - Oliver Cromwell; 1660 - restoring of monarchy; 1688 - Glorious Revolution
Industrial Revolution - 18th and 19th century
1801 - Ireland became a part of union
1815 - defeating of Napoleon
Queen Victoria (1837 - 1901)
WWI (1914 - 1918)
1921 - independence of Ireland
WWII, Winston S. Churchill
Margaret Thatcher"

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