1.	Great Britain

a) The Commonwealth of Nations
b) The Queen
c) The British Parliament
d) The elections
e) The Prime Minister
f) Political Parties
2: USA
a) The Constitution
b) The Senate
c) Creating a new law
d) The President
e) Elections
f) Political parties

"USA
The USA are a federal republic. They consist of 50 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.). Each state is different, it has its own government, laws, education, taxes, etc. The federal government is responsible for matters concerning the country as a whole, such as foreign affairs, defense and finances. Each state has its Governor, Legislature and State Judiciary.
The US system of government is based of the Constitution adopted in 1789. Under this constitution the 13 original states delegated certain powers to the central (federal) government. It consists of a Preamble, Articles I – VII, and 26 Amendments. The Federal Government has no other powers than those established by the Constitution. This basic principle was implied but not expressed in the Constitution as first adopted. Therefore the 10th amendment was adopted in 1791, which says explicitly, that “the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people.” The whole US system of government is controlled by checks and balances. It is composed of three branches: the Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judicial (Supreme Court). None of them has ultimate power, because that belongs to the people.
The Constitution grants all legislative power to the Congress, which is composed of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The two houses cooperate on drafting and passing laws, solving matters concerning the national finances (coining money, setting taxes), they regulate commerce, admit new states to the Union, consider and change budget, and many other activities. Today, there are two big parties in the Congress, Democratic and Republican.
The Senate is composed of 100 senators (2 of each state). They are elected for 6 years, every second year 1/3 of the Senators is changed. Candidates must be 30 years old or older and US citizens for at least 9 years.
The official presiding officer is the Vice President. He takes over after the president in case of sickness, death, or any other necessary occasion. The Senate approves the president’s appointments, ratifies foreign treaties by a majority of 2/3, tries the president who has been impeached, proposes and passes amendments of federal laws, etc. There has to be a 2/3 majority of votes for a bill to become a law. "